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Missions to Venus

The hottest planet: Soviet Venera landers, balloons and a series of orbiters and flybys.

59 spacecraft29 landings and impacts

Soviet Union 35United States 15European Space Agency 5Japan 4

Spacecraft sent to Venus

59 shown

Spacecraft	Launched	Owner	Country	Mission type	Status
Venera 11961 GAM 1	Feb 12, 1961	OKB-1	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Mariner 21962 A RHO 1	Aug 27, 1962	JPL	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Zond1964-016D	Apr 2, 1964	OKB-52	Soviet Union	—	Flyby
Venera 21965-091A	Nov 12, 1965	OKB-1	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Venera 31965-092A	Nov 16, 1965	OKB-1	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Venera-31965-092A	Nov 16, 1965	OKB-1	Soviet Union	—	Reentered (orbital decay)
Venera 41967-058A	Jun 12, 1967	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Spuskaemiy apparat Veneri-41967-058	Jun 12, 1967	MOM	Soviet Union	—	Released
Mariner 51967-060A	Jun 14, 1967	JPL	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Venera 51969-001A	Jan 5, 1969	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
SA Veneri-51969-001	Jan 5, 1969	MOM	Soviet Union	—	Released
Venera 61969-002A	Jan 10, 1969	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
SA Veneri-61969-002	Jan 10, 1969	MOM	Soviet Union	—	Released
Venera 71970-060A	Aug 17, 1970	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
SA Veneri-71970-060	Aug 17, 1970	MOM	Soviet Union	—	Released
Venera 81972-021A	Mar 27, 1972	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Venera-81972-021A	Mar 27, 1972	IKI	Soviet Union	—	Deorbited
Mariner 101973-085A	Nov 3, 1973	JPL	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Venera 91975-050A	Jun 8, 1975	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Venera 9 Descent Craft1975-050D	Jun 8, 1975	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left for deep space attached to another object
Venera 101975-054A	Jun 14, 1975	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Venera 10 Descent Craft1975-054D	Jun 14, 1975	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left for deep space attached to another object
Pioneer Venus Orbiter1978-051A	May 20, 1978	ARC	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Pioneer Venus Probe Bus1978-078A	Aug 8, 1978	ARC	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Pioneer Venus Large Probe1978-078D	Aug 8, 1978	ARC	United States	Deep space	Left for deep space attached to another object
Pioneer Venus Small Probe (North)1978-078E	Aug 8, 1978	ARC	United States	Deep space	Left for deep space attached to another object
Pioneer Venus Small Probe (Night)1978-078F	Aug 8, 1978	ARC	United States	Deep space	Left for deep space attached to another object
Pioneer Venus Small Probe (Day)1978-078G	Aug 8, 1978	ARC	United States	Deep space	Left for deep space attached to another object
Venera 111978-084A	Sep 9, 1978	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
SA Veneri-111978-084C	Sep 9, 1978	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left for deep space attached to another object
Venera 121978-086A	Sep 14, 1978	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Venera 12 Descent Craft1978-086C	Sep 14, 1978	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left for deep space attached to another object
Venera 131981-106A	Oct 30, 1981	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Venera 13 Descent Craft1981-106D	Oct 30, 1981	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left for deep space attached to another object
Venera 141981-110A	Nov 4, 1981	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Venera 14 Descent Craft1981-110D	Nov 4, 1981	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left for deep space attached to another object
Venera 151983-053A	Jun 2, 1983	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Venera 161983-054A	Jun 7, 1983	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Vega 11984-125A	Dec 15, 1984	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Vega 1 Descent Craft1984-125E	Dec 15, 1984	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left for deep space attached to another object
Vega 1 Balloon1984-125F	Dec 15, 1984	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left for deep space attached to another object
Vega 21984-128A	Dec 21, 1984	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Vega 2 Descent Craft1984-128E	Dec 21, 1984	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left for deep space attached to another object
Vega 2 Balloon1984-128F	Dec 21, 1984	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left for deep space attached to another object
Magellan1989-033B	May 4, 1989	JPL	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Galileo1989-084B	Oct 18, 1989	JPL	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Galileo Probe1989-084	Oct 18, 1989	ARC	United States	—	Escaped to another body, attached
Cassini1997-061A	Oct 15, 1997	JPL	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Huygens1997-061	Oct 15, 1997	ESA	European Space Agency	—	Escaped to another body, attached
MESSENGER2004-030A	Aug 3, 2004	APL	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Venus Express2005-045A	Nov 9, 2005	ESA	European Space Agency	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Akatsuki2010-020D	May 20, 2010	JAXA	Japan	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
IKAROS2010-020E	May 20, 2010	JAXA	Japan	Technology	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Shin'en2010-020F	May 20, 2010	UNISEC	Japan	Technology	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Parker Solar Probe2018-065A	Aug 12, 2018	GSFC	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Mercury Planetary Orbiter2018-080A	Oct 20, 2018	ESA	European Space Agency	Deep space	Left for deep space attached to another object
Mio2018-080C	Oct 20, 2018	JAXA	Japan	—	Escaped to another body, attached
Solar Orbiter2020-010A	Feb 10, 2020	ESA	European Space Agency	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer2023-053A	Apr 14, 2023	ESA	European Space Agency	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space

Landings and impacts

Object	World	Type	Result	Touchdown	Site	Country
2MV-1 No. 11962 A PI	Venus	Lander (parachute)	Failed to reach target	Aug 25, 1962	—	Soviet Union
2MV-1 No. 21962 A TAU	Venus	Lander (parachute)	Failed to reach target	Sep 1, 1962	—	Soviet Union
3MV-1 No. 3 (Kosmos-27)1964-014A	Venus	Lander (parachute)	Failed to reach target	Mar 27, 1964	—	Soviet Union
Spuskaemiy apparat Veneri-31965-092	Venus	Lander (parachute)	Targeted impact	Mar 1, 1966	—	Soviet Union
4V-1 No. 311 (Kosmos-167)1967-063A	Venus	Lander (parachute)	Failed to reach target	Jun 17, 1967	—	Soviet Union
Spuskaemiy apparat Veneri-41967-058	Venus	Lander (parachute)	Targeted impact	Oct 18, 1967	—	Soviet Union
SA Veneri-51969-001	Venus	Lander (parachute)	Targeted impact	May 16, 1969	—	Soviet Union
SA Veneri-61969-002	Venus	Lander (parachute)	Targeted impact	May 17, 1969	—	Soviet Union
4V-1 No. 631 (Kosmos-359)1970-065A	Venus	Lander (parachute)	Failed to reach target	Aug 22, 1970	—	Soviet Union
SA Veneri-71970-060	Venus	Lander (parachute)	Landed and operated	Dec 15, 1970	—	Soviet Union
4V-1 No. 671 (Kosmos-482)1972-023A	Venus	Lander (parachute)	Failed to reach target	Mar 31, 1972	—	Soviet Union
SA Veneri-81972-021A	Venus	Lander (parachute)	Landed and operated	Jul 22, 1972	—	Soviet Union
SA Veneri-91975-050D	Venus	Lander (parachute)	Landed and operated	Oct 22, 1975	—	Soviet Union
SA Veneri-101975-054D	Venus	Lander (parachute)	Landed and operated	Oct 25, 1975	—	Soviet Union
Sounder Probe1978-078D	Venus	Lander (parachute)	Targeted impact	Dec 9, 1978	—	United States
North Probe1978-078E	Venus	Lander (low-velocity impact)	Targeted impact	Dec 9, 1978	—	United States
Day Probe1978-078F	Venus	Lander (low-velocity impact)	Landed and operated	Dec 9, 1978	—	United States
Night Probe1978-078G	Venus	Lander (low-velocity impact)	Targeted impact	Dec 9, 1978	—	United States
SA Veneri-121978-086C	Venus	Lander (parachute)	Landed and operated	Dec 21, 1978	—	Soviet Union
SA Veneri-111978-084C	Venus	Lander (parachute)	Landed and operated	Dec 25, 1978	—	Soviet Union
SA Veneri-131981-106D	Venus	Lander (parachute)	Landed and operated	Mar 1, 1982	—	Soviet Union
SA Veneri-141981-110D	Venus	Lander (parachute)	Landed and operated	Mar 5, 1982	—	Soviet Union
SA Vega-11984-125E	Venus	Lander (parachute)	Landed and operated	Jun 11, 1985	—	Soviet Union
AZ Vega-11984-125F	Venus	Atmospheric craft (not designed to land)	Targeted impact	Jun 13, 1985	—	Soviet Union
SA Vega-21984-128E	Venus	Lander (parachute)	Landed and operated	Jun 15, 1985	—	Soviet Union
AZ Vega-21984-128F	Venus	Atmospheric craft (not designed to land)	Targeted impact	Jun 17, 1985	—	Soviet Union
Pioneer Venus Orbiter1978-051A	Venus	Orbiter	Impact after orbital decay	Oct 22, 1992	—	United States
Magellan1989-033B	Venus	Orbiter	Impact after orbital decay	Oct 12, 1994	—	United States
Venus Express2005-045A	Venus	Orbiter	Impact after orbital decay	2015	—	European Space Agency

Source: GCAT lunar and planetary register, deep-space catalog and lander catalog (CC BY 4.0). Rocket stages and secondary components are left out of the landings table.