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Missions to Mars

Orbiters, landers and rovers sent to the Red Planet since 1960, and its two small moons.

64 spacecraft37 landings and impacts

United States 33Soviet Union 19European Space Agency 5China 3Japan 1United Kingdom 1India 1United Arab Emirates 1

Spacecraft sent to Mars

64 shown

Spacecraft	Launched	Owner	Country	Mission type	Status
Mars 11962 B NU 3	Nov 1, 1962	OKB-1	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Mariner 41964-077A	Nov 28, 1964	JPL	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Zond 21964-078C	Nov 30, 1964	OKB-1	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Mariner 61969-014A	Feb 25, 1969	JPL	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Mariner 71969-030A	Mar 27, 1969	JPL	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Mars 21971-045A	May 19, 1971	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Mars 2 Lander1971-045D	May 19, 1971	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left for deep space attached to another object
Mars-21971-045A	May 19, 1971	IKI	Soviet Union	—	Entered orbit around the target
Mars 31971-049A	May 28, 1971	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
SA Marsa-31971-049E	May 28, 1971	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Mars-31971-049A	May 28, 1971	IKI	Soviet Union	—	Entered orbit around the target
Mariner 91971-051A	May 30, 1971	JPL	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Mars 41973-047A	Jul 21, 1973	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Mars 51973-049A	Jul 25, 1973	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Mars 61973-052A	Aug 5, 1973	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
SA Marsa-61973-052D	Aug 5, 1973	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left for deep space attached to another object
Mars 71973-053A	Aug 9, 1973	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
SA Marsa-71973-053D	Aug 9, 1973	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left for deep space attached to another object
Viking 1 Orbiter1975-075A	Aug 20, 1975	JPL	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Viking 1 Lander1975-075C	Aug 20, 1975	NASA LaRC	United States	Deep space	Left for deep space attached to another object
Viking 2 Orbiter1975-083A	Sep 9, 1975	JPL	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Viking 2 Lander1975-083C	Sep 9, 1975	NASA LaRC	United States	Deep space	Left for deep space attached to another object
Phobos 11988-058A	Jul 7, 1988	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Fobos-11988-058A	Jul 7, 1988	IKI	Soviet Union	—	Flyby
Phobos 21988-059A	Jul 12, 1988	IKI	Soviet Union	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Fobos-21988-059A	Jul 12, 1988	IKI	Soviet Union	—	Entered orbit around the target
DAS1988-059	Jul 12, 1988	MOM	Soviet Union	—	In orbit, attached to another object
Mars Observer1992-063A	Sep 25, 1992	JPL	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Mars Global Surveyor1996-062A	Nov 7, 1996	JPL	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Mars Pathfinder1996-068A	Dec 4, 1996	JPL	United States	Deep space	Left for deep space attached to another object
MPF Cruise Stage1996-068	Dec 4, 1996	NASA	United States	—	Reentered (orbital decay)
Sojourner1996-068	Dec 4, 1996	NASA	United States	—	Landed attached to another object
Nozomi1998-041A	Jul 3, 1998	ISAS	Japan	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Mars Climate Orbiter1998-073A	Dec 11, 1998	JPL	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Mars Polar Lander1999-001A	Jan 3, 1999	JPL	United States	Deep space	Left for deep space attached to another object
DS2 Scott Probe1999-001	Jan 3, 1999	JPL	United States	—	Released
DS2 Amundsen Probe1999-001	Jan 3, 1999	JPL	United States	—	Released
2001 Mars Odyssey2001-013A	Apr 7, 2001	JPL	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Mars Express2003-022A	Jun 2, 2003	ESA	European Space Agency	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Beagle 22003-022	Jun 2, 2003	ESA	United Kingdom	—	Landed
Spirit2003-027A	Jun 10, 2003	JPL	United States	Deep space	Left for deep space attached to another object
Columbia Memorial Station2003-027	Jun 10, 2003	NASA	United States	—	Released
Opportunity2003-032A	Jul 8, 2003	JPL	United States	Deep space	Left for deep space attached to another object
Challenger Memorial Station2003-032	Jul 8, 2003	NASA	United States	—	Released
Rosetta2004-006A	Mar 2, 2004	ESA	European Space Agency	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Philae2004-006	Mar 2, 2004	ESA	European Space Agency	—	Escaped to another body, attached
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter2005-029A	Aug 12, 2005	JPL	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Phoenix2007-034A	Aug 4, 2007	JPL	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Dawn2007-043A	Sep 27, 2007	JPL	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Mars Science Laboratory2011-070A	Nov 26, 2011	JPL	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Mars Orbiter Mission2013-060A	Nov 5, 2013	ISRO	India	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
MAVEN2013-063A	Nov 18, 2013	GSFC	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter2016-017A	Mar 14, 2016	ESA	European Space Agency	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Schiaparelli2016-017	Mar 14, 2016	ESA	European Space Agency	—	Released
InSight2018-042A	May 5, 2018	JPL	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
MarCO-A2018-042B	May 5, 2018	JPL	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
MarCO-B2018-042C	May 5, 2018	JPL	United States	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Mars InSight Cruise Stage2018-042A	May 5, 2018	NASA	United States	—	Released
Mars Hope2020-047A	Jul 19, 2020	Rashid Space Ctr	United Arab Emirates	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Tianwen-12020-049A	Jul 23, 2020	LDSE	China	Deep space	Left Earth orbit for deep space
Tianwen-1 Lander2020-049	Jul 23, 2020	LDSE	China	—	Released
Zhurong2020-049	Jul 23, 2020	LDSE	China	—	Landed attached to another object
Perseverance2020-052A	Jul 30, 2020	NASA	United States	—	Released
Ingenuity2020-052A	Jul 30, 2020	NASA	United States	—	Released

Landings and impacts

Object	World	Type	Result	Touchdown	Site	Country
2MV-3 No. 11962 B XI	Mars	Lander (parachute)	Failed to reach target	Nov 4, 1962	—	Soviet Union
SA Marsa-21971-045D	Mars	Lander (parachute)	Targeted impact	Nov 27, 1971	—	Soviet Union
PROP-M1971-045	Mars	Rover	Targeted impact (cargo)	Nov 27, 1971	—	Soviet Union
SA Marsa-31971-049E	Mars	Lander (parachute)	Landed and operated	Dec 2, 1971	—	Soviet Union
PROP-M1971-049	Mars	Rover	Landed and operated (cargo)	Dec 2, 1971	—	Soviet Union
SA Marsa-61973-052D	Mars	Lander (parachute)	Landed and operated	Mar 12, 1974	—	Soviet Union
Viking Lander 11975-075	Mars	Lander (powered landing)	Landed and operated	Jul 20, 1976	Mutch Memorial Station	United States
Viking Lander 21975-083	Mars	Lander (powered landing)	Landed and operated	Sep 3, 1976	—	United States
Fobos-1 DAS1988-058	Phobos	Lander (low-velocity impact)	Failed to reach target	Jul 7, 1988	—	Soviet Union
Fobos-2 DAS1988-059	Phobos	Lander (low-velocity impact)	Failed to reach target	Jul 12, 1988	—	Soviet Union
Fobos-2 PROP-FP1988-059	Phobos	Rover	Failed to reach target (cargo)	Jul 12, 1988	—	Soviet Union
Mars-96 MAS 11996-064	Mars	Lander (low-velocity impact)	Failed to reach target	Nov 16, 1996	—	Russia
Mars-96 MAS 21996-064	Mars	Lander (low-velocity impact)	Failed to reach target	Nov 16, 1996	—	Russia
Mars-96 Penetrator 11996-064	Mars	Lander (low-velocity impact)	Failed to reach target	Nov 16, 1996	—	Russia
Mars-96 Penetrator 21996-064	Mars	Lander (low-velocity impact)	Failed to reach target	Nov 16, 1996	—	Russia
Sagan Memorial Station1996-068A	Mars	Lander (airbags)	Landed and operated	Jul 4, 1997	Sagan Memorial Station	United States
Sojourner1996-068	Mars	Rover	Landed and operated (cargo)	Jul 4, 1997	—	United States
Mars Climate Orbiter1998-073A	Mars	Orbiter	Targeted impact	Sep 23, 1999	—	United States
DS2 Scott Probe1999-001	Mars	Lander (low-velocity impact)	Targeted impact	Dec 3, 1999	—	United States
DS2 Amundsen Probe1999-001	Mars	Lander (low-velocity impact)	Targeted impact	Dec 3, 1999	—	United States
Mars Polar Lander1999-001A	Mars	Lander (powered landing)	Targeted impact	Dec 3, 1999	—	United States
Beagle 22003-022	Mars	Lander (airbags)	Targeted impact	Dec 25, 2003	—	United Kingdom
Columbia Memorial Station2003-027	Mars	Lander (airbags)	Landed and operated	Jan 4, 2004	Columbia Memorial Station	United States
Spirit Rover2003-027A	Mars	Rover	Landed and operated (cargo)	Jan 4, 2004	—	United States
Challenger Memorial Station2003-032	Mars	Lander (airbags)	Landed and operated	Jan 25, 2004	Challenger Memorial Station	United States
Opportunity Rover2003-032A	Mars	Rover	Landed and operated (cargo)	Jan 25, 2004	—	United States
Phoenix2007-034A	Mars	Lander (powered landing)	Landed and operated	May 25, 2008	—	United States
Fobos-Grunt SA2011-065A	Phobos	Lander (powered landing)	Failed to reach target	Nov 8, 2011	—	Russia
Fobos-Grunt VA2011-065	Phobos	Ascent vehicle	Failed to reach target (cargo)	Nov 8, 2011	—	Russia
MSL Descent stage2011-070A	Mars	Lander (powered landing)	Landed and operated	Aug 6, 2012	—	United States
Curiosity2011-070A	Mars	Rover	Landed and operated (cargo)	Aug 6, 2012	Bradbury Landing	United States
Schiaparelli2016-017	Mars	Lander (powered landing)	Targeted impact	Oct 19, 2016	—	European Space Agency
Mars InSight Lander2018-042A	Mars	Lander (powered landing)	Landed and operated	Nov 26, 2018	—	United States
Perseverance2020-052A	Mars	Rover	Landed and operated (cargo)	Feb 18, 2021	Octavia E. Butler Landing	United States
Mars 2020 Descent stage2020-052A	Mars	Lander (powered landing)	Landed and operated	Feb 18, 2021	—	United States
Tianwen-1 Lander2020-049	Mars	Lander (powered landing)	Landed and operated	May 14, 2021	—	China
Zhurong2020-049	Mars	Rover	Landed and operated (cargo)	May 14, 2021	—	China

Source: GCAT lunar and planetary register, deep-space catalog and lander catalog (CC BY 4.0). Rocket stages and secondary components are left out of the landings table.